No. 88CA0707Colorado Court of Appeals.
Decided July 27, 1989.
Appeal from the District Court of Larimer County Honorable George McNamara, Judge.
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The Law Firm of T. W. Norman, Michael J. Mirabella; the Law Firm of Michael A. Curran, Michael A. Curran for Plaintiff-Appellants.
Duane Woodard, Attorney General, Charles B. Howe, Chief Deputy Attorney General, Richard H. Forman, Solicitor General, Larry D. Tannenbaum, Assistant Attorney General, for Defendants-Appellees.
Division C.
Opinion by JUDGE HUME.
[1] Plaintiffs, Nina Mentzel and Ricky L. Reid, appeal the judgment dismissing their claims against defendants, the Judicial Department of the State of Colorado; Anthony Wernert, the Eighth Judicial District Administrator; the Larimer County Probation Department; and John Elliott, Chief Probation Officer. We affirm. [2] On an evening in December 1986, the plaintiffs were injured in a head-on collision between their vehicle and a vehicle owned and operated by Tomas Gonzales, a Larimer County probation officer. Gonzales had spent the afternoon prior to the accident at a Christmas party held at the offices of the Larimer County Probation Department. He allegedly consumed alcoholic beverages both at the party and subsequently at a local bar prior to the accident. [3] Plaintiffs’ initial complaint sought damages only against Gonzales for injuries caused by his negligent conduct. However, plaintiffs amended their complaint to assert claims against the state judicial department, Wernert, the probation department, and Elliott, for negligence in supervising Gonzales. The amended complaint also added a claim against the owner of the local bar, asserting the bar’s operators were negligent in serving Gonzales liquor when he was visibly intoxicated. Neither Gonzales nor the bar owner is a party to this appeal. [4] The court granted the state defendants’ motion to dismiss plaintiffs’ claims as barred by the doctrine of sovereign immunity, and entered a final judgment of dismissal with C.R.C.P. 54(b) certification as to the moving defendants. I.
[5] Plaintiffs contend that the court erred in its determination that their claims against public entities and employees were not within the statutory exceptions to sovereign immunity. We disagree.
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condition is proximately caused by the negligent act or omission of the public entity in constructing or maintaining such facility.”
[8] We are not persuaded by plaintiffs’ argument that defendants’ “use” of the public office facility to dispense alcoholic beverages to its employees was sufficient to come within the “dangerous condition of a public building” exception. [9] A statute must be read and considered as a whole to ascertain the general assembly’s intent in enacting it. People v. District Court, 713 P.2d 918 (Colo. 1986). Every word of a statute must be given effect, to the extent possible, consistent with that legislative intent. Johnson v. City Council, 177 Colo. 223, 493 P.2d 651 (1972). [10] The waiver of sovereign immunity for a “dangerous condition of any public building” indicates a legislative intent to promote the protection of the public from an inherently dangerous structure or facility, or a use of that building or facility which renders such facility inherently dangerous. The intent is to encourage public entities to construct, maintain, and use their buildings and facilities in a manner that will assure the safety of persons who visit them. [11] The definition provided by § 24-10-103(1) is consistent with that purpose and intent. The language “a physical condition of a facility or the use thereof” must be interpreted to relate to the underlying purpose of assuring safe physical conditions in public buildings and facilities. Thus, the word “use thereof” relates to the physical condition of public facilities. No waiver of immunity was intended for injuries caused by the “use” of facilities unless such use renders the facility itself an unreasonable risk to public safety or health. [12] This construction is supported by the general assembly’s specific reference in § 24-10-103(1) to the public entity’s “act or omission . . . in constructing and maintaining such facility.” Such acts or omissions in construction and maintenance relate directly to the physical condition of the facility itself rather than to “uses” of the facility that, albeit dangerous, do not render the facility or structure unsafe for public use. [13] Here, nothing in plaintiffs’ complaint indicated that defendants’ “use” of the probation office rendered that office inherently unsafe. On the contrary, plaintiffs’ complaint alleged that the “use” of the office — serving alcohol to Gonzales — rendered Gonzales an unsafe driver. This is insufficient to state a claim excepted from immunity under the statute. [14] Hence, we conclude that the court correctly dismissed plaintiffs’ claims against the state defendants pursuant to § 24-10-106(1)(c), II.
[15] Plaintiffs also claim that the trial court erred in suspending discovery pursuant to § 24-10-108, C.R.S. (1988 Repl. Vol. 10A), after the defendants raised the issue of sovereign immunity. We disagree.
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Accordingly, since the vehicle was not owned or leased by defendants, such discovery was not necessary to determine the issue of sovereign immunity, and again the trial court did not err in suspending discovery pursuant to § 24-10-108, C.R.S. (1988 Repl. Vol. 10A).
[20] Judgment affirmed. [21] JUDGE STERNBERG and JUDGE ENOCH concur.